Authentication and Registration

Prove. Protect. Empower.

Chai Vault is the registry of authenticity and provenance for fine wine and spirits. Each certified bottle carries a discreet chip and a permanent, tamper-evident record that buyers can check before they purchase.

From Maureen Downey and Chai Consulting

The problem

Counterfeits travel the same channels as authentic wine.

Between producer and collector, a bottle may change hands many times: importers, distributors, brokers, auction houses, private cellars. Every trade is a chance for it to be stolen, altered or substituted, and for its history to be lost. Some of the counterfeits Chai Consulting finds came through the primary market and reputable vendors. Fakes are entering legitimate supply chains.

  • €2.3bnin sales lost each year in the EU to counterfeit wine and spiritsEUIPO (2025); annual average, 2013‑2017
  • ~12%of secondary-market wines inspected by Chai Consulting prove counterfeitChai Consulting inspections; first‑hand data
  • 25%of alcohol consumed worldwide is unrecorded: untaxed, outside government control, and including illegal, smuggled and surrogate alcoholWHO, Unrecorded alcohol: what the evidence tells us (2022); global estimate
  • 25.8%of alcohol consumed across 24 countries in Latin America, Africa and Eastern Europe is illicit, sold outside local regulation and taxEuromonitor International, Size and Shape of the Global Illicit Alcohol Market (2018), via TRACIT; over US$19.4bn in illicit sales a year

Sources: EUIPO, World Health Organization, Euromonitor International (report via TRACIT).

The supply chain

01

A porous supply chain enables fraud

Producer

  • Distributor
  • Producer importer
  • Restaurant
  • Wholesaler
  • EU retailer
  • US retailer
  • UK collector
  • UK broker
  • HK auction house
  • HK collector
  • US collector
  • US broker
  • Broker importer
  • US auction house
  • Online trader
  • eBay

Consumer

The path from producer to consumer is opaque, with many chances for a bottle to be stolen, altered or replaced with a counterfeit.

Oversight of the supply chain protects each bottle’s integrity and authenticity.

02

Frequent, secretive trades conceal fraud

Producer

  • Distributor
  • Producer importer
  • Restaurant
  • Wholesaler
  • EU retailer
  • US retailer
  • UK collector
  • UK broker
  • HK auction house
  • HK collector
  • US collector
  • US broker
  • Broker importer
  • US auction house
  • Online trader
  • eBay

Consumer

One bottle’s route: Producer → Distributor → US retailer → US collector → US auction house → Consumer Chai Vault: a direct line from producer to consumer

Bottles trade often, and sellers can conceal or misrepresent their provenance. The result is risky purchases and lost investment.

Provable provenance protects each bottle’s integrity, authenticity and value.

Producers can see, reach and engage directly with each bottle’s consumer.

The solution

Value at every link in the chain

Chai Vault is a layered, discreet Web3 solution: a permanent, tamper-evident digital record for each bottle, from producer to consumer.

  • Brand protection

    Multi-layered anti-fraud security, today and for decades to come.

  • Brand trust

    Registration and provenance tracking reinforce trust in producers and vendors.

  • Risk mitigation

    Less liability and counterfeiting risk, through supply-chain oversight and informed buying and selling of certified bottles.

  • Bottle visibility

    Bottle-level tracking with UHF RFID, integrated with the supply chain and carried into secondary markets.

  • Allocation oversight

    Real-time detection of leakage, grey-market activity and “bottle flippers”.

  • Proof before purchase

    Buyers check authenticity and provenance online before they buy.

  • Confidence and loyalty

    Collectors and consumers receive bottles assured authentic, with provenance they can prove.

  • Bottle and asset value

    Certified bottles are more valuable.

  • Direct consumer access

    Producers engage consumers directly, and collecting and consumption data support bespoke sales and events.

Layered Timeless Immutable Transferable Track & Trace Authenticity Provenance

Certification

Three ways into the registry

  1. Producer certification

    At production, a proprietary chip goes into the capsule, under the wax or onto the cork: discreet security that leaves the producer’s design intact.

  2. Primary market certification

    Importers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers with proof of direct provenance cap bottles with the Chai Vault caplet before first sale.

  3. Secondary market certification

    Any authentic, healthy bottle can be certified after inspection by a TCM® Authenticator. Collectors, auction houses, resellers and restaurants certify to increase value and selling price, or for insurance and risk mitigation.

How it works

From the bottle to a permanent record

Chai Vault is the technology arm of Chai Consulting, built on the work of Maureen Downey, DipWSET, CWE, a world-renowned expert on wine fraud and authentication.

Producers

At the bottling line

  1. Chip The capsule maker inlays a proprietary UHF RFID chip with anti-tamper features.
  2. Capsule It looks and feels like current tin-sided packaging; the chip reads through the top.
  3. Bottling line Capsules go on exactly as they do today.
  4. Optical reader A reader on the line images each bottle and reads its chip and QR code.
  5. Data Bottle data, images and chip and QR details flow to Chai Vault’s software via API.
  6. Certificate A Chai Vault Certificate of Authentication & Provenance is created and goes online.

Primary & secondary market

In the warehouse

  1. Qualify Primary-market bottles with proof of direct provenance, before consumer sale; secondary-market bottles, after inspection by a TCM® Certified Authenticator.
  2. Caplet A short PVC capsule with an embedded chip and printed QR code. The PVC protects the chip from corrosion, and the caplet fits any closure.
  3. Application Caplet-shrinking hardware for a single bottle, or a mini bottling line for the warehouse.
  4. Data capture Warehouse hardware sends bottle data and images to Chai Vault’s software via API.
  5. Certificate A Chai Vault Certificate of Authentication & Provenance goes online for buyers and bidders.

The ledger

One bottle, one permanent record

Every certified bottle has its own online Ledger of Authenticity & Provenance. The record cannot be altered, and it moves with the bottle.

Chai Vault Ledger of Authenticity & Provenance, Certificate No. 188142962, for a 750ml bottle of 2002 La Tâche, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Grand Cru: the bottle's own photograph, wine details, a condition report of Excellent dated 25 October 2019, provenance entries (current owner Confidential; purchased from K&D, NY, pre-arrival; authenticated and registered 25 October 2019; offered at Zachys, sale 1912N324, lot 1368), and the signature of authenticator Maureen Downey, DipWSET, CWE.
A live Chai Vault ledger: 2002 La Tâche, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, authenticated and registered in October 2019 and offered at Zachys in December 2020.
  1. Bottle image

    The bottle itself, never a stock photo, imaged on the bottling line, by warehouse hardware or by a TCM® Authenticator.

  2. Links

    Logos link to the producer, distributor, vendor or authenticator. An NFT can be layered onto the ledger.

  3. Condition report

    Updated at the time of sale by a licensed vendor.

  4. Provenance

    Every change of ownership. Owners choose whether their name and city are shown; the purchase date, vendor, and auction and lot are always visible. Prices are never recorded.

  5. Authenticator

    The individual responsible for creating the ledger, by name.

Proof where buyers shop

Certified bottles appear on retailer and aggregator sites with a link to their Chai Vault Ledger of Authenticity & Provenance, so buyers can check authenticity and provenance before they purchase.

Example Château, Pomerol 20164 offers · example
  • Merchant A★★★★★ Verified sellerChai Vault certified · View ledger
    Bottle 750 ml
    $4,300
    View offer
  • Merchant B★★★★☆ Verified seller
    Case of 3
    $13,000
    View offer
  • Auction house C★★★★★ Verified sellerChai Vault certified · View ledger
    Bottle 750 ml
    $4,500
    View offer
  • Merchant D★★★☆☆ Unverified
    Bottle 750 ml
    $3,950
    View offer
Illustration. Certified bottles show on retailer and aggregator listings, linked to their ledger. Prices shown are the merchants’ own asking prices, not ledger data.

$3M

Zachys Auctions sale of Chai Vault certified bottles, December 2019

Proven in the secondary market

A ledger for every bottle in every lot

The Zachys sale was Chai Vault’s proof of concept in the secondary market. Every bottle in every lot appeared in the online catalogue with its Ledger of Authenticity & Provenance, so bidders knew what they were buying before the hammer fell.

TCM® Certified Authenticators in San Francisco, Connecticut, Florida, Brazil, the UK, France, Switzerland, Portugal, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand.

Bring your bottles into Chai Vault

A cellar, a catalogue or a bottling line: we’ll recommend the right way to certify.